فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1399)

Paulownia tomentosa is very adaptable, widely distributed andextremely fast growing deciduous. The application of micropropagationtechniques in agro-forestry was essential because it offers a rapid wayof producing genetically uniform cloned stock with high quality. In order to study the effect of basal culture medium and growth regulatorson micropropagation of P. tomentosa, a factorial experiment wasconducted in a completely randomized design with four replications.The seeds were surface disinfected in a solution of 1.5% NaOCl for 10min and culture on MS medium containing 50 mg/l GA3. For shootmultiplication, isolated 1 cm long epicotyls were put on MS and DKWmedia supplemented with0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA), 0.1mg/l NAA, 30 g/l sucrose, 7 g/l agar and pH = 5.6-5.8 beforeautoclaving. The subculture period was 4 weeks in growth chamberswith permanent temperature 25±1°C, white fluorescent light withintensity 3000 lx and 16:8 h photoperiod. Basal modified MS andDKW media (reduction of all macro elements by half) enriched with0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l indole butyric acid (IBA), 20 g/l sucrose and 7 g/lagar were studied for rooting efficiency. According to the results ofanalysis of variance, no significant differences were observed betweenMS and DKW media for multiplication and rooting traits. Due to thecompatibility of this species to environmental conditions, it seems thatthe same behavior was observed in tissue culture and showed the samereaction in both MS and DKW media for all traits. Mean comparison results showed that the highest shoot number (1.8-2.1 shoot perexplant) and shoot fresh weight (1.5-1.7 g) were obtained in mediacontaining 2 or 3 mg/l BA. The highest rooting percentage (100%), rootnumber (0.8 root per explant), mean root length (4.5 cm) and plantletfresh weight (2.9 g) were obtained in media enriched with 2 mg/l IBA.Rooted plantlets were rinsed with tap water to remove the mediumfrom the roots and transferred to the substrate of peat moss : cocopeat:perlite (2 : 2 : 1), treated with Mancozeb fungicide (0.2%) andcultivated for 30-40 days in growth chambers with gradual decrease ofthe atmospheric humidity. There is a significant positive correlationbetween root number as well as plantlet fresh and dry weight withex vitrosurvival. Acclimatization results showed that 90% of plantletssuccessfully survived after four months. The method described here canbe successfully employed for large scalein vitropropagation ofP. tomentosa plants.

Clearly, medicinal plants are the most important and bestsource of secondary metabolites that have beenrecognized as valuable resources. Secondary metabolites,in addition to their complex biosynthetic pathways forproduction, also have complex structures and this has ledthem to study at a low rate. However, the high value ofthese compounds in industries such as medicine,pharmaceuticals and food industries makes the chemicalstudy of these compounds inevitable. Carnosic acid is one of the secondary metabolites of the terpene familythat has many properties including antioxidant andantiviral properties. The use of this substance in the food,cosmetics and health industries is increasing today. Carnosic acid was first identified inSalvia officinalis. In later studies, it was detected in higher amounts in therosemary. Few studies are currently performed on thebiochemical, physiological and molecular properties ofthis substance. This article reviews recent advances inthe study and identification of carnosic acid,biosynthesis, accumulation and its role and applicationsin the plant. Finally, prospects and the necessity forfuture studies on the functional roles of carnosic acid arehighlighted.

Catharanthusosseousis one of the most important andmost commonly used ornamental and medicinal plants ofthe family Apocynaceae. The plant originates in tropicalregions such as southern India, Indonesia andMadagascar. So far, about 130 types of alkaloids havebeen extracted fromCatharanthusroseous and this plantis one of the most important plant species with indolealkaloid of reserpine. The amount of these alkaloids intheCatharanthusroseousis very low and All parts ofthis plant, even the seeds, contain alkaloids. Bothvinblastine and vincristine alkaloids are commerciallyextracted from large quantities ofCatharanthusroseousthat both have anti-tumor effects and that's why they areso important in the pharmaceutical industry.Experimental and clinical studies have examined the efficacy of usingCatharanthusroseousin the recoveryof Bronchitis, Angina, Leukemia, Nasal Bleeding,Hemorrhoids, Mental powers, Tonsillitis, Gingivitis, expansion of vascular ducts and Cancer, have proven.But we should be careful in using this plant, because itsraw consumption through the mouth is dangerous andcan be hallucinatory.Catharanthusroseousis a valuable plant for chemotherapy with a set of Vinca alkaloids(including vincristine, ...) to treat a variety of cancers. Therefore in this article some of the Botanical,Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of thisplant are investigated.

Iranian cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.) is the most important and valuable pot species of cyclamens because having variant colors. In order to increase thepropagation rapidity of this plant, seeds as explants werecultured in MS medium along with a combination of 0,0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/l concentrations of both plantgrowth regulators NAA and BA. Results showed that themost leaf number (6.20 per each plant) and the highestgermination percentage (83.50%) were obtained inexplants cultured in medium containing 1 mg/l BAtogether with 1 mg/l NAA. The most leaf surface (16.70mm) and maximum root number (6.15 per each plant)were observed in treatment of 1.5 mg/l BA together with1.5 mg/l NAA. Leaf and root length traits were alsocalculated. Correlation analysis of measured traits witheach other showed that the most correlation wasobserved between leaf number and root number

Despite of innumerable potentials of Iran TeaIndustry(ITI) it could not stabilized his production,commerce and processing position in global tea industry.There exist more than 60000 families that involving withITI then codification of ITI strategy and appropriatestructure of that is vital subject to study. The current study has determined weakness, opportunity, threat andstrength of tea industry.Tea is one of the strategic products of the north of the country with a 120-yearhistory. The area under cultivation in Iran is about32,000 hectares, located in more than 900 villages in thecities of Somesara, Fouman, Shaft, Rasht, Lahijan,Astana Ashrafieh, Siahkal, Langrood, Roodsar andAmlash in Guilan province and the cities of Ramsar andTonekabon up to Chalus. The province of Mazandaran has been sporadically disrupted for about 200 kilometers,separated by low and high distances and close to themain road, and now has about 60,000 households incultivation and 8,000 households in the process ofprocessing 183 tea factories, are working. Tea is a perennial and immaculate plant native to Southeast Asiaand its most important commercial species is Camellia.Black and green tea is the most common form of teaproduction in the world and the largest producers areChina, India and Kenya.

The components of life are connected like a chain, andthis connection allows one to examine other factorswhile studying.Azolla filiculoides is an invasive speciesthat has grown in fish ponds, rice fields in northern Iranand Anzali International Wetland and has become anenvironmental problem.Azolla is a floating fern speciesthat occupies large levels of aquatic ecosystems.Excessive growth of this plant in lakes, ponds, wetlandsand ..., interferes with the use of water resources byhumans, adversely affects the quality of water andcreates ecological problems on other plant and animalspecies.Azolla was an uninvited guest who arrived inIran in 1984 to grow rice. The unique capabilities of thisplant made it uncontrollable and this plant grows widelyin the north of the country and is more widely known in the wetlands and rice fields as a problem of invasivehabitat and vegetation, Up to a useful plant. This fern reptile entered Iran without comprehensive research onmorphology and growth, and only to increase riceproduction. Due to the wide distribution of azolla, rapid growth and nitrogen fixation, it is necessary to controlthe growth and reproduction of this plant species bytaking appropriate management measures in addition topreventing disturbing the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems of this plant for various purposes, Optimaluse.